Creating a Straw Bale Garden

By Melinda Myers - horticulturist and gardening expert
May 1, 2017

Add productive garden space and raise your planting bed with straw bale gardening. This technique allows gardeners to create raised bed gardens on a patio, lawn or any area with poor compacted soil. Straw bale gardening has been around for centuries, but thanks to Joel Karsten’s book “Straw Bale Gardens” it has gained new popularity. All that is needed are a few straw bales, fertilizer, a bit of compost and time to condition, plant and water the garden.

The Type of Straw Bale to Use

Be sure to purchase straw bales made from alfalfa, wheat, oats, rye, or other cereal grain that have less weed seeds than hay. Start a few weeks before the designated planting date.

Find a Permanent Location

Place the bales in their permanent location with the cut sides up and twine parallel to the ground. Once you start the conditioning process, the bales will be very heavy and hard to move. When the bales are in place you are ready to start the conditioning process. This is done to start the inside of the straw bales composting, so they’ll support plant growth.

Straw Bale Garden: Day One to Six

On day one, spread fertilizer over the top of the bale. Use a ½ cup of a complete garden fertilizer or three cups of an organic fertilizer like Milorganite®. Then completely moisten the bale. The organic fertilizer feeds the microorganisms that help decompose the straw into a nutrient rich planting medium. Thoroughly soak the bale every day. On days three and five you will add more fertilizer at the same rate used on day one.

Straw Bale Garden: Day Seven to Nine

Days seven through nine use half the rate used on day one. This would be ¼ cup of a complete garden fertilizer or 1 ½ cups of Milorganite fertilizer. Thoroughly water the bale each time.

Straw Bale Garden: Day Ten

On day ten, you will add one cup of 10-10-10 or three cups of Milorganite fertilizer rich in phosphorous and potassium. This completes the conditioning process.

Get Ready to Plant in Your Straw Bale Garden

Bales treated with a complete fertilizer should be ready to plant. You may need to wait a few more days when using an organic fertilizer. The inside of the bale should be the temperature of warm bath water or cooler for planting. If it is hotter than this, wait for the bale to cool a bit before you plant. Use a trowel to pry open a hole in the bale. Place the plant in the hole and cover the roots with potting mix or compost.

Planting with Seeds in a Straw Bale Garden

Create a planting bed for seeds by covering the bale with a one- to two-inch thick layer of planting mix. Follow the planting directions on the back of the seed packet.

Watering a Straw Bale Garden

Regular watering is critical for success with this method. Soaker hoses or drip irrigation make this an easier task. You can also use gallon milk jugs with holes in the bottom or inverted two-liter soda bottles placed near the base of each plant to provide water where it is needed.